Crystol Energy is pleased to highlight the publication by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) of Taxation in the Middle East and North Africa: Prospects and Possibilities, a new volume examining key fiscal and economic policy issues facing the region.
The publication includes Chapter 8, “Taxation of Upstream Oil and Gas and Implications of Carbon Levies”, authored by Dr Carole Nakhle, CEO of Crystol Energy, together with Thomas Benninger of the IMF. The chapter examines upstream petroleum fiscal systems across the MENA region and analyses how carbon pricing and broader energy transition policies could affect the competitiveness of hydrocarbon producers and government revenues.
The analysis highlights the region’s dual challenge of maintaining investment attractiveness while adapting fiscal systems to a lower-carbon global economy. It also explores the implications of carbon intensity, carbon border adjustment mechanisms, and fiscal reform for oil- and gas-producing economies in the Middle East and North Africa.
The volume was edited by Mario Mansour and Shafik Hebous and brings together contributions from leading experts on taxation and economic policy in the region.
Crystol Energy Senior Analyst Jad Khallouf provided research support for the chapter.
The publication is available through the IMF eLibrary.
