Trump urged oil giants to invest billions in Venezuela, but companies cite weak rule of law and entrenched resource nationalism as hurdles

With global energy demand on the rise, the fossil fuel-rich region seeks to expand its energy capacity to include renewable and nuclear sources.

Washington’s move from sanctions to force reshapes Venezuela’s oil outlook and long-term global market dynamics.

Crystol Energy contributed research and analysis on the Eastern Mediterranean’s oil and gas sector to the International Institute for Strategic Studies’ (IISS) Strategic Dossier, Turbulence