Since 2022, sweeping Western sanctions have reshaped but not halted Russia’s global oil exports.

Trump urged oil giants to invest billions in Venezuela, but companies cite weak rule of law and entrenched resource nationalism as hurdles

With global energy demand on the rise, the fossil fuel-rich region seeks to expand its energy capacity to include renewable and nuclear sources.

Washington’s move from sanctions to force reshapes Venezuela’s oil outlook and long-term global market dynamics.